Raspberry Pi NAS Case (e-Ink display remix)

This remix combines the two part case into one, adds an e-Ink display window with the Pimoroni InkyPHAT display, and adds additional mount points for 40mm case fans. All other files are the same, but they have been converted to STL for easier printing. This remix is subject to change as I make a more elegant back panel that fits the hardware I am using. Right now it's just a rectangle cutout as I work out the best way to enclose the cables. I will also add more detail to the assembly instructions as I go.

Intro

This is a fairly easy project but it has a lot of steps. It’s also a bit expensive to produce given the price of the four SATA drives. You do not have to use the same components I used, but where you make changes, you’ll need to account for the differences. If you use cheaper drives, there should not be a significant difference in setup other than cost. I used the Samsung EVO 2tb SATA drives because I already had them for a different project. It does not fundamentally matter what hardware you choose.

Tools

* Soldering iron

* Large format 3D printer

* 2kg of filament (you can do this with one if you don’t make ANY mistakes but… yeah. I wasn’t able to do that.)

Hardware

* Raspberry Pi 5 4gb + Active cooler + pro endurance SD card

* Raspberry Pi Zero 2w (with headers) + regular SD card

* Four 2tb SATA SSD Drives (Samsung 870 EVO)

* Pimoroni red InkyPhat e-ink display

* Geekworm x1009 SATA hat with power adapter

* Fans

- 1 92mm Fan - 12v

- 2 40mm Fans - 12v

- Fan splitters (they come in the box)

* Temperature sensor

* USB Ethernet adapter

Assembly hardware

* M2.5 heat set sockets

* A bunch of various sizes of screws, M2 and 2.5

* M2.5 x 15mm standoffs

* Cables

- USB fan adapter

- 4 SATA 3 cables

- Micro USB to USB A

Assembly

Print all pieces (this will take a few days). Print all with supports (everywhere) in the orientation that they appear.

1. Case

2. Faceplate

3. Drive housing

4. Four (4) drive cages

5. Backplate

6. Raspberry Pi Sled

Main Case

• Carefully remove supports (this is tedious)
• Install the case fan

- Large fan on the bottom (logo facing in)

- Case fans on the side

- All fans mounts support using the screws that come with the fans

- Install four heat set inserts into the holes on the back side of the case

Drive Housing

• Use heat set inserts in the four holes on the back, install a standoff in each socket
• Mount a SATA SSD into each drive cage using 4 M2 screws (or not, honestly it’s optional, I didn’t have any M2 screws that fit so I skipped it)
• Plug in SATA and power cables from the Geekworm kit to each drive

Mount the Raspberry Pi 5

• Install a basic Raspberry Pi Lite OS onto an SD card and configure it for Wifi (you’ll need an ethernet cable later but for now we can do our config over wifi)

• Install 8 heat set inserts into the top and bottom holes of the raspberry pi sled
• Mount the raspberry pi on the sled using standoffs
• Install the Geekworm SATA hat and follow the instructions

- Do not install the drives yet

• Install the temperature sensor and follow the instructions here
• Optionally print the mounting bracket for the breakout board and install it with screws

• Mount the sled into the case from the bottom using M2.5 screws (optional but recommended)

• Plug in the SATA drives in order starting from the left (0) to (3) if using right angle cables, the last drive should be mounted with the right angle bracket going into the raspberry pi while the other three cables will have the right angle brackets going into the drives. This is because it doesn’t fit any other way and I didn’t want to mod the case again, so I just reversed the cable.

• Plug in the SATA power cable to the Geekworm Hat

• Do not power the raspberry pi yet

• Optionally glue the breakout board mount to the case (but really it’s better to wait until near the end for this step and honestly I didn’t glue it, it’s just hanging out in there loose

• Thermal sensor should go in the open space behind the SATA cables but in front of Zero 2W

InkyPhat e-Ink Display

• Gently attach the InkyPhat screen to the Zero 2w headers, following the instructions from Pimoroni
• Mount the screen with the pi into the faceplate
• Plug in the USB cable to the Zero 2W and thread it through to the back
• Plug in the USB A side to one of the blue (powered) USB ports on the raspberry pi
• Snap the faceplate into the front of the case

Follow the instructions from Pimoroni here to setup the InkyPhat display:

https://github.com/pimoroni/inky

USB Fan Adapter

• Plug in the USB fan adapter to the other blue USB port on the Raspberry Pi 5
• Attach two four pin Y adapters
• Plug in the main case fan to the first port on the first Y adapter
• Plug in the other two fans to the remaining ports on the second Y adapter
• Shove all the fan cables under the sled

At this point you should have all the cables connected. Power up the raspberry pi using the Geekworm power supply (not the USB port, which will not be used)

Software Setup

Part 1: Raspberry Pi 5 Setup

1. Install Raspberry Pi OS

• Flash Raspberry Pi OS Lite (64-bit) to SD card
• Configure hostname: `nas.local`
• Enable SSH during imaging

2. Configure SATA Hat (Geekworm X1001)

Install drivers:

wget https://geekworm.com/cdn/shop/files/x1001-v1.1.sh

sudo chmod +x x1001-v1.1.sh

sudo ./x1001-v1.1.sh

Edit `/boot/firmware/config.txt`:

sudo nano /boot/firmware/config.txt

Add these lines:

Enable PCIe Gen 3

dtparam=pciex1_gen=3

Increase USB power

PSU_MAX_CURRENT=5000

Reboot and verify:

sudo reboot

sudo lspci # Should show SATA controller

lsblk # Should show your SSDs

3. Configure Temperature Sensor (DS18B20)

Wiring:

• Green (Ground) → Black wire
• Blue (Live) → Red wire
• Purple (Data) → Yellow wire (connect to GPIO 4 - Pin 7)

Software configuration:

sudo nano /boot/firmware/config.txt

Add:

dtoverlay=w1-gpio

Reboot and verify:

sudo reboot

sudo modprobe w1-gpio

sudo modprobe w1-therm

ls /sys/bus/w1/devices/ # Should show 28-xxxx device

4. Install OpenMediaVault

wget -O - https://github.com/OpenMediaVault-Plugin-Developers/installScript/raw/master/install | sudo bash

Configure OMV:

1. Access web UI at `http://nas.local`

2. Login: admin / openmediavault

3. Format all 4 SSDs (Storage → Disks)

4. Install md-adm plugin (System → Plugins)

5. Create RAID 5 array (Storage → RAID Management)

6. Create filesystem on RAID array

7. Create shared folders and configure SMB/NFS as needed

5. Install Monitoring Service

Clone the repository:

cd ~

git clone https://github.com/adunderwood/RaspberryPi_NAS.git

cd RaspberryPi_NAS/Raspberry\ Pi\ 5/

Install dependencies:

sudo apt update

sudo apt install python3-pip -y

pip3 install -r requirements.txt

Configure the service:

cp .env.example .env

nano .env

Adjust settings if needed (defaults are fine for most users):

LOG_DIR=/home/nas/services

MAX_LOG_LINES=2000

LOG_INTERVAL=3

SAVE_INTERVAL=60

TEMP_UNIT=F

Install and enable the service:

sudo mkdir -p /home/nas/services

sudo cp nas_service.py /home/nas/services/

sudo cp .env /home/nas/services/

sudo cp services/nas_service.service /etc/systemd/system/

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

sudo systemctl enable nas_service

sudo systemctl start nas_service

Verify it's running:

sudo systemctl status nas_service

curl http://localhost:5000/cpu

curl http://localhost:5000/raid

Part 2: Raspberry Pi Zero 2W Setup

1. Install Raspberry Pi OS

• Flash Raspberry Pi OS Lite (32-bit) to SD card
• Configure WiFi and SSH during imaging
• Set hostname: `display.local`

2. Configure System

sudo raspi-config

Enable:

• Interface Options → SPI (for InkyPHAT)
• Interface Options → I2C (for InkyPHAT)

3. Install InkyPHAT Drivers

curl https://get.pimoroni.com/inky | bash

Select "InkyPHAT" when prompted.

Test the display:

python3 ~/Pimoroni/inky/examples/phat/hello-world.py

4. Install Display Software

Clone the repository:

cd ~

git clone https://github.com/adunderwood/RaspberryPi_NAS.git

cd RaspberryPi_NAS/Raspberry\ Pi\ Zero\ 2w/

Create virtual environment:

python3 -m venv ~/.virtualenvs/pimoroni

source ~/.virtualenvs/pimoroni/bin/activate

Install dependencies:

pip install inky pillow requests python-dotenv sparklines font-fredoka-one

Configure environment:

cp .env.example .env

nano .env

Update the NAS hostname/IP if needed:

API Endpoints (adjust nas.local to your Pi 5's hostname or IP)

NAS_URL=http://nas.local:5000/raid

TEMPERATURE_URL=http://nas.local:5000/temperature

CPU_URL=http://nas.local:5000/cpu

CPU_TEMP_URL=http://nas.local:5000/cpu_temp

Display Settings

THEME=light

WARN_PERCENT=90

WARN_TEMP=90

FONT_DIR=/home/nas/fonts

Set up display script wrapper:

chmod +x display.sh

./display.sh

The display should update with your NAS stats!

5. Configure Auto-Update (Cron)

crontab -e

Add this line to update every 5 minutes:

/5 * /home/nas/display/display.sh

Architecture Overview

Unified Monitoring Service (Pi 5)

One service replaces 7+ separate scripts:

• Collects CPU usage, CPU temperature, ambient temperature, RAID status
• Serves data via REST API on port 5000
• Automatic log rotation (keeps last 2000 readings)
• Robust error handling for sensor failures
• ~100KB total log size (vs 35+ MB in older versions)

API Endpoints:

• `http://nas.local:5000/cpu` - CPU usage %
• `http://nas.local:5000/cpu_temp` - CPU temperature (°C)
• `http://nas.local:5000/temperature` - Ambient temperature
• `http://nas.local:5000/raid` - RAID disk usage

Display Script (Pi Zero 2W)

• Fetches data from monitoring service
• Renders stats on InkyPHAT e-ink display
• Auto-switches to red theme on warnings
• Updates every 5 minutes via cron

Troubleshooting

Monitoring Service Issues

Service won't start:

```bash

sudo journalctl -u nas_service -n 50

```

Test endpoints:

```bash

curl http://localhost:5000/cpu

curl http://localhost:5000/cpu_temp

curl http://localhost:5000/temperature

curl http://localhost:5000/raid

```

Temperature sensor not found:

• Check wiring to GPIO 4
• Verify `dtoverlay=w1-gpio` in `/boot/firmware/config.txt`
• Run: `ls /sys/bus/w1/devices/`

RAID not showing:

• Verify RAID array: `df -h | grep /dev/md`
• Check OMV configuration

Display Issues

Display not updating:

• Verify cron job: `crontab -l`
• Check network: `ping nas.local`
• Test API: `curl http://nas.local:5000/cpu`
• Check logs: `journalctl -u nas_service`

Display shows errors:

• Verify virtualenv is activated in `display.sh`
• Check font directory exists: `ls /home/nas/fonts/`
• Test manually: `./display.sh`

InkyPHAT not working:

• Verify SPI/I2C enabled: `sudo raspi-config`
• Test with example: `python3 ~/Pimoroni/inky/examples/phat/hello-world.py`

GitHub Repository

Full source code, detailed documentation, and configuration examples:

https://github.com/adunderwood/RaspberryPi_NAS

Each Pi has its own detailed README with step-by-step instructions:

• `Raspberry Pi 5/README.md` - Monitoring service setup
• `Raspberry Pi Zero 2w/README.md` - Display setup

Tips & Notes

Performance:

• RAID 5 with 4x SSDs provides ~5.5TB usable storage with 1 drive redundancy
• Pi 5 PCIe Gen 3 enables full SATA speeds
• E-ink display uses minimal power and is sunlight readable

Customization:

• Adjust `WARN_PERCENT` and `WARN_TEMP` thresholds in display `.env`
• Change display theme: `THEME=light|dark|red`
• Modify refresh interval in crontab (default: 5 minutes)

Maintenance:

• Logs auto-rotate to prevent disk fill
• Monitor service restarts automatically on failure
• Display survives network interruptions gracefully